Document Design and Graphics in Technical Writing

Document design is concerned with creating textpresent the information in a way that increases
such as books, pamphlets, or posters thatthe readability and understanding of the
integrate words and pictures in ways that helpdocument.The four areas a writer is concerned
people to achieve their specific goals for usingwith when writing a document are:
texts at home, school, work, etc. It is the bringing- Organization
together of graphics (including illustrations and- Order
photography) for purposes of instruction,- Access
information or persuasion. Remember that reader- Variety
needs must ultimately drive the design. DocumentThe organization of a document and its design is
design is the act of writing and designing alongaccomplished by breaking up the information into
with the skillful selection, structuring and emphasischunks (chunking). This is done effectively by
of content with the reader needs in focus.creating headings and using white space correctly.
Use document design to help readers locateWhen the writer orders the ideas with different
information and understand the structure andfont sizes, font types and heading positioning, the
meaning of your material. Remember that thequeuing can make the priority of the information
design of a document has both an informationaleasier to understand.
and a physical aspect format and layout. FormatAccess of information can be accomplished by
refers to the arrangement of the documentusing bullets, numbering, boldface or caps to
content into standard subject areas such asemphasize keywords. The document design can
introduction, theory, method and results,include underlining and font color too. When using
discussion, and conclusions sections. Format alsoheadings with color the meaning of the paragraph
refers to the general design of standardstands out but over use of color or underlining
document elements such as tables and figures, ascan make the document harder to read. Variety
well as citations. Format conventions are usuallyof the other areas used effectively uses white
widely followed but may vary from field to field.space and columns or gutter widths to break up
Technical Writing departments in their infancythe text and be more appealing to the reader.
seem to have great difficulty producingThere are ways to give your audience easy
documentation that is well designed and consistentaccess to the information that they want.
in appearance throughout all documents. As theIndenting a new block of text is like opening a
department matures, it attempts to "consistify"door and inviting the reader in. Bullets emphasize
the format of the documentation, but, unlessimportant items within the text. Numbering allows
there is an experienced template designer onfor easy access by showing sequence or
board, this is often a drawn-out process involvingimportance. Boldface draws attention to key
focus groups and much squabbling.words or phrases and all caps highlights a danger
A writer needs to consider the visual presentationor warning. Underlining, italics and highlighting can all
of their document before writing in order tobe used similarly as highlighting techniques.