| As businesses grow and have more of a need | | | | credit limit. A similar calculation is done for |
| for working capital a valuable financing tool is the | | | | inventory. |
| ‘operating line of credit ‘. This facility is | | | | The inventory calculation is a little trickier. Why? |
| also commonly called a ‘revolver’ by | | | | That is because the bank understands receivables |
| finance professionals. | | | | and could step in to collect them if they had to |
| What is the revolver? It is a financing facility, | | | | – however, they don’t understand |
| most commonly done with a bank that provides | | | | inventory, and their customers have all types of |
| credit against the customer’s receivables and | | | | inventory! Our experience is that as a rule the |
| inventory. | | | | banks will pick an amount close to 40% for the |
| How does the facility work? After the facility is | | | | inventory portion of the credit line. So if a |
| approved and negotiated with the bank the | | | | customer has a month end balance of 200,000.00 |
| customer submits, usually monthly, a detailed list | | | | in inventory the bank will arbitrarily allow them to |
| the firms account receivables and inventory. The | | | | write cheques of 80,000.00 against the inventory. |
| bank calculates what is known as a ‘margin | | | | The bank has now calculated the facility based on |
| limit ‘and advises the customer that the | | | | our above A/R and inventory figures. |
| business can write cheques against that | | | | It is very important to know that the whole |
| overdraft, or line of credit up to the maximum of | | | | exercise with the bank is subject to a number of |
| that margin limit. | | | | other factors, such as the profitability of the |
| That new limit is of course approved until the | | | | business, the risks associated with the customers |
| next month’s receivables and inventory are | | | | industry, and any personal guarantees that also |
| reported on by the customer. We would say | | | | support the facility. |
| that in 99% of industries the reporting by the | | | | In summary, operating lines of credit are |
| customer is done once a month, but on occasion | | | | important, dare we say critical, to a customer |
| it can be more regular with some customers, and | | | | that is growing and needs working capital. More |
| on rarer occasions it can be less often. | | | | cash is available, per our formulas, as the business |
| How does the bank or financial institution calculate | | | | grows. Problems can arise when a business is no |
| the approved amount? Typically the bank looks at | | | | longer growing though – the bank restricts the |
| the accounts receivable and calculates how much | | | | borrowings, less cash is available, and supplier |
| of the receivables less than 90 are days old. | | | | payables place pressure on the company’s |
| Banks assume there is a high level of | | | | working capital. It is also important to note that |
| uncollectibility on receivables older than 90 days. | | | | if the operating lines of credit are significant the |
| This may or may not be the case according to | | | | customer may lose focus on profits and |
| the customer – but the bank makes the | | | | operations, thinking he or she has all the cash |
| assumption on the conservative side. (What a | | | | they need. That’s not good. Business |
| surprise!) Given that the bank now has an | | | | owners are cautioned to used operating lines |
| amount of A/R less than 90 days they take 75% | | | | properly, and also focus on their profits and |
| of that amount, typically, and use that as the | | | | operating capabilities. |