To Imprint Or Not to Imprint - That Is the Question

If you have ever tried working with an unruly,The difference in the reaction of the foal to
frightened, green 2-year old colt, it should be easyhuman presence during the first 48 hours of his
to understand the importance of imprinting andlife and his reaction a few days later is startling.
training a foal at an early age. When you start toWhen the foal is first born, even right after he
gentle and desensitize an older horse with little orstands, he is curious and receptive to human
no prior experience with humans, the simplestcontact. He allows himself to be touched all over
things become difficult and at times evenhis body and for the most part is not frightened.
dangerous.Since he is still small and relatively weak, he can
Haltering a big, 2-year old youngster or even abe held securely if and when he does get scared
yearling for the first time is a major productionallowing for rapid desensitization. In a few days,
compared to haltering a young foal. Picking up thehowever, the foal will avoid human contact and
feet of an older colt for the first time can be aseek shelter behind his mother. By this time,
little tricky and even dangerous if you don't knowinstinct has already kicked in and the window of
what you're doing.opportunity for imprinting has closed.
The difficulty of handling an older colt is magnifiedFrom this point on and with the passage of time,
in inverse proportion to the amount of contactgentling and desensitizing a horse becomes more
with humans and training the horse had as adifficult and complicated. A three to four month
young foal. In other words, the more time youold foal is a strong little creature. He has no desire
spend with a young foal, the easier that animal willto be haltered or handled.
be to train when the time comes for moreNow instead of spending a few hours with a
advance groundwork and finally riding.newborn foal which produced a colt that enjoys
The goal of natural horsemanship is to establish ahuman contact, you are now faced with the
relationship with your horse based on trust. Theprospect of a much longer process of
horse must know that he is safe with his handler,desensitization and getting the older colt used to
that whatever his handler does with him, he is nothuman contact.
going to be hurt. That relationship is best begun atObviously, most horses are gentled, desensitized
an early age. In fact, the earlier you begin theand trained at an older age. It's not often that
process, the better.circumstances allow for a newborn foal to be
The survival in the wild of a grazing, prey animal isimprinted and desensitized. However, the
dependent upon the speed with which a new-bornadvantages are so overwhelming that it is
baby can stand up, nurse and be able to movesomething to be sought after and arranged if at
off with the herd. A buffalo, for example, getsall possible.
that accomplished in as little as a half hour. AThe ideal time for this contact is immediately
horse takes longer but the process is quick andfollowing birth even before the foal has stood for
necessarily so. The sooner a grazing animal is ablethe first time. You must be very aware and
to move off with the herd, the less vulnerable herespectful of the dam's protective nature and if
is to predators.possible this first contact should be done with a
The learning process for these animals ishelper present who can tend to the dam and
accelerated as well. Within two to three days thecalm her if necessary.
young foal essentially becomes a horse in itsIt is best to kneel beside the newborn foal and
behavior. He has learned from his mother thecradle his head in the crook of your arm while
caution, fear of the unknown and flight responsesyou touch and pet him all over his body beginning
that for centuries have guaranteed the survival ofwith his head, ears and mouth. Initially, keep the
the horse as a species.training and desensitizing sessions short and don't
However, there is a window of opportunityinterrupt the natural feeding cycle of the foal.
immediate following birth and for the first coupleAfter a few sessions the foal will readily accept
of days when the foal is not afraid of humanshuman contact and even approach you on his
and will absorb your desensitization lessons like aown when you enter his living space. Imprinting is
sponge. A foal develops very rapidly. When he isa very rewarding process and something that will
first born, he does not have an instinctive fear ofchange completely your relationship with your
humans.horse.
His nature and survival instincts will kick in within aThe time that you spend with the foal
few days as he learns from his mother and otherdesensitizing him to your touch and to other
members of the herd. But for the first few days,stimuli that he will experience at a later age
you have the opportunity to establish trust withcontinues to pay dividends for a lengthy period.
the young foal and to desensitize him during aThe desensitizing exercises should be regularly
period of his life when he does not have thereinforced to ensure a compliant and cooperative
instinctive fear of humans that an older horse hassubject when more serious training begins.
acquired.